{"id":15287,"date":"2020-04-22T12:14:38","date_gmt":"2020-04-22T16:14:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/?p=15287"},"modified":"2020-04-22T12:14:38","modified_gmt":"2020-04-22T16:14:38","slug":"the-zoombombing-saga-is-just-beginning-and-the-heroic-open-source-video-conferencing-alternatives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/the-zoombombing-saga-is-just-beginning-and-the-heroic-open-source-video-conferencing-alternatives\/","title":{"rendered":"The \u2018Zoombombing\u2019 Saga Is Just Beginning \u2014 And The Heroic Open Source Video Conferencing Alternatives"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Zoom found itself as the instant savior, and immediately after, the villain, in our <a href=\"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/how-remote-learners-are-faring-amid-covid-19-according-to-3-surveys\/\">new working and learning arrangements<\/a>. If found itself pray of the short-lived optimism of the markets \u2014achieving a $35 billion capitalization, on paper as valuable as Xiaomi, Activision or Nissan\u2014 after becoming synonymous with virtual classrooms and meetings. Numerous concerns and <a href=\"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/remote-learnings-hidden-security-risk\/\">cybersecurity risks have cropped up<\/a>. But are they merited?<\/p>\n<p><strong>This article was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lmspulse.com\/2020\/cybersecs-pulse-the-zoombombing-saga-is-just-beginning-and-the-heroic-open-source-video-conferencing-alternatives\/\">first published by LMSPulse<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>What are the accusations?<\/h2>\n<h3>Indiscriminate collection of private data<\/h3>\n<p>The free version of Zoom is being used to collect unreasonable amounts of personal user information. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.schneier.com\/blog\/archives\/2020\/04\/security_and_pr_1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Security researcher and policy analyst Bruce Schneier pointed out (opens in a new tab)\">Security researcher and policy analyst Bruce Schneier pointed out<\/a> that the user policy entitled Zoom to use this information for basically any kind of commercial purpose, including selling it to third parties. On top of it, the Facebook app used to collect all sorts of information about the computer and telemetry data. Before the software was updated, this would happen whether the user had a Facebook account or not. (This still happens if the user hasn\u2019t updated Zoom recently.) Similar data collection and sharing is known with LinkedIn and <a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/information-technology\/2020\/04\/unpatched-zoom-bug-lets-attackers-steal-windows-credentials-with-no-warning\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Windows applications (opens in a new tab)\">Windows applications<\/a>. Some users have also reporting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.schneier.com\/blog\/archives\/2020\/04\/security_and_pr_1.html#c6808652\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"stumbling upon lots of personal information (opens in a new tab)\">stumbling upon lots of personal information<\/a> from other users from the app, with little effort.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zoom.us\/privacy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Zoom changed the policies on March 29 (opens in a new tab)\">Zoom changed the policies on March 29<\/a>, along with a series of blog posts and public statements. The changes clarify that there is no personal data selling at this point, but it is still being collected.<\/p>\n<h3>\u2018Zoombombing\u2019: Strangers showing up in the middle of online classroom<\/h3>\n<p>Related convenience, as well to the lax security practices, malicious actors are able to try and find access to Zoom rooms and meetings where anyone with the link can join, speak and share their screen. You could even <a href=\"https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2020\/04\/war-dialing-tool-exposes-zooms-password-problems\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"get ahold of &quot;zWarDial,&quot; (opens in a new tab)\">get ahold of \u201czWarDial,\u201d<\/a> an app that tries to guess unsecure Zoom rooms at random with a reported 4% success rate. Developed by \u201cwhite hat\u201d researchers (aka good guys), it allowed to collect key data about the meeting and in some cases personal information supplied by the host.<\/p>\n<p>The level of trolling and abuse this feature allows has only human imagination at the limit. More serious argument deem this a boon for <a href=\"https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2020\/04\/move-fast-roll-your-own-crypto-a-quick-look-at-the-confidentiality-of-zoom-meetings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"industrial espionage operations (opens in a new tab)\">industrial espionage operations<\/a> which make the China connections \u2014see below\u2014 all the more worrisome.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.zoom.us\/wordpress\/2020\/03\/20\/keep-uninvited-guests-out-of-your-zoom-event\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Zoom's initial reaction was deflection (opens in a new tab)\">Zoom\u2019s initial reaction was deflection<\/a>. It framed the sharing of Zoom links on social media akin to sharing a password with the world. Upon further pressure and journalistic denounces, it made some UI updates.<\/p>\n<p>To sum up: \u201cZoom is not suited for secrets.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3>Malwar-y: Governments and Federal Agents denounce, discourage, disable Zoom<\/h3>\n<p>Zoom had to change some some of its functionality after concerns over too invasive practices that attempted to supersede the user\u2019s deliberate permission. This included <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2019\/7\/9\/20688113\/zoom-apple-mac-patch-vulnerability-emergency-fix-web-server-remove\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"the installation process on Mac computers (opens in a new tab)\">the installation process on Mac computers<\/a>, considered for many \u201ctoo smooth for comfort\u201d \u2014or plain shady\u2014 and access to information from other apps, like in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.schneier.com\/blog\/archives\/2020\/04\/security_and_pr_1.html#c6808652\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"the case of contacts and calendar data (opens in a new tab)\">the case of contacts and calendar data<\/a> mentioned earlier.<\/p>\n<h3>Do Zoom engineers even know what encryption means?<\/h3>\n<p>There are glaring loopholes in the Zoom application itself, some benign, some downright dangerous.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zoom\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/zoom.us\/docs\/doc\/Zoom-Security-White-Paper.pdf\">official statements<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/zoom.us\/docs\/doc\/Zoom-Security-White-Paper.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"PDF (opens in a new tab)\">PDF<\/a>) on <a href=\"https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2020\/04\/move-fast-roll-your-own-crypto-a-quick-look-at-the-confidentiality-of-zoom-meetings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"the encryption protocols used do not match those obtained by researchers (opens in a new tab)\">the encryption protocols used do not match those obtained by researchers<\/a>. Zoom\u2019s actual protocols are nearly obsolete. Seems anecdotal, but it can also allude to \u201cbad security decisions, sloppy coding mistakes, and random software vulnerabilities.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Zoom\u2019s security holes can and have been taken advantage of by malicious actors, which can collect personal information and even record using the user\u2019s camera, without their knowledge, let alone permission.<\/li>\n<li>It previously claimed to feature end-to-end encryption, meaning not even Zoom engineers could access the content being transmitted. But if that were true, it means even if an actor manages to grab private recordings \u2014which has been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/technology\/2020\/04\/03\/thousands-zoom-video-calls-left-exposed-open-web\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"documented (opens in a new tab)\">documented<\/a>, repeatedly\u2014, the content itself could not be accessed. Evidence shows this is not the case.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cs.columbia.edu\/~smb\/blog\/2020-04\/2020-04-04.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Here are more details on Zoom's encryption issues (opens in a new tab)\">Here are more details on Zoom\u2019s encryption issues<\/a> by a Columbia C.S. Professor. And as a bonus, let Tux illustrate why Zoom\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation#Electronic_codebook_(ECB)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"ECB encryption is so faulty (opens in a new tab)\">ECB encryption is so faulty<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The company has promised to upgrade the security, and appears to have done so. Research is not conclusive.<\/p>\n<h3>The China situation, and the unknown unknowns<\/h3>\n<p>Not meaning to get political, so take it for what it\u2019s worth: Zoom operates a team of over 700 engineers in the country (under 3 <a href=\"https:\/\/zoomvideo.cn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"different (opens in a new tab)\">different<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zoomvip.cn\/\">company<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/zoomcloud.cn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"names (opens in a new tab)\">names<\/a>), known for the invasive online surveillance practices of its government. It has admitted to have rerouted traffic through the country, which surprises given the \u201cGreat Firewall,\u201d and furthering suspicion, to date unproven, of cooperation with Beijing officials. Zoom Founder and CEO, Eric S. Yuan, is a <a href=\"http:\/\/news.21so.com\/2019\/weixin_0430\/434641.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Chinese American (opens in a new tab)\">Chinese American<\/a>, born and raised in the Shandong Province.<\/p>\n<p>As of this writing, several agencies, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/03\/30\/technology\/new-york-attorney-general-zoom-privacy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"governments (opens in a new tab)\">governments<\/a> and security researchers continue to look into Zoom\u2019s issues. New and unexpected ones are likely to arise. How damning are they? They have proven to cause at least some dismay for users, <a href=\"https:\/\/chalkbeat.org\/posts\/ny\/2020\/04\/04\/nyc-forbids-schools-from-using-zoom-for-remote-learning-after-privacy-concerns-emerge\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"local bans (opens in a new tab)\">local bans<\/a> and a class action lawsuit in the U.S. is on the works. Are they exclusive to Zoom? In all likelihood, they are not. Schneier again: \u201cZoom is a security and privacy disaster, but until now had managed to avoid public accountability because it was relatively obscure. Now that it\u2019s in the spotlight, it\u2019s all coming out.\u201d (Not that researchers were not <a href=\"https:\/\/research.checkpoint.com\/2020\/zoom-zoom-we-are-watching-you\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"onto Zoom earlier (opens in a new tab)\">onto Zoom earlier<\/a>.) In other words, whoever becomes Zoom\u2019s heir is likely to be the next target of scrutiny, and new loopholes or even \u201cprivacy disasters\u201d should surprise no one.<\/p>\n<h2>Personal protection measures against Zoom-like apps<\/h2>\n<p>Aside from the glaring loopholes, the issue of online security always touches on the \u201ccompany V the user\u201d conundrum. There is an unavoidable trade-off between a hassle-free user experience and security measures. Zoom has been proactive enough to produce all kinds of <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.zoom.us\/wordpress\/2020\/04\/01\/a-message-to-our-users\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"guides and instructional content for best security practices (opens in a new tab)\">guides and instructional content for best security practices<\/a>. Will these be acceptable for users? Impossible to say for now.<\/p>\n<p>As for the common practices you should consider, on Zoom or most live meeting apps, here are some of the most common, varying on the amount of hassle involved and effectiveness. Note that these will help with the \u201cZoombombing\u201d but might do little with the rest of the issues, known and unknown.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Consider disabling screen sharing, microphone access and chat by default.<\/li>\n<li>Require passwords. (Note that it is very likely that someone at Zoom still gets to access those.)<\/li>\n<li>Require user sign-ups. (Might provide an unreasonable amount of personal data to Zoom and third parties.)<\/li>\n<li>Use \u201cwaiting areas\u201d to verify who can join a room and in which capacity. (Zoom\u2019s own \u201cWaiting Room,\u201d however, <a href=\"https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2020\/04\/zooms-waiting-room-vulnerability\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"seems vulnerable (opens in a new tab)\">seems vulnerable<\/a>.)<\/li>\n<li>Disable \u201cJoin before host\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Disable chat windows<\/li>\n<li>Some apps offer personal rooms as well as general-purpose, often temporary rooms. Whenever possible, go for the latter.<\/li>\n<li>If all else fails, complain about it loudly. (<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/zoom_us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"@Zoom_US (opens in a new tab)\">@Zoom_US<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Open source, \u2018Zoombombing\u2019-free alternatives<\/h2>\n<p>Admittedly, these alternatives may not feel as comfortable as Zoom. Which by now you might have come to appreciate as a good thing. Furthermore, you are able to install them on your own server and make sure your data isn\u2019t hosted in someone else\u2019s computer. You may even be able to find them as \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lmspulse.com\/tag\/docker\/\">open containers<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3>JITSI<\/h3>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/jitsi.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"jitsi.org (opens in a new tab)\">jitsi.org<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Get your own server or the apps, which offer more or less the same level of features as Zoom, with what it\u2019s perhaps it\u2019s \u201ckiller feature\u201d: <a href=\"https:\/\/jitsi.org\/news\/security\/\">End-to-end encryption<\/a>. Furthermore, it does not require any form of user ID. While its cloud service collects general performance data (\u201cCrashlytics\u201d), the server-based comes without any form of analytics features or libraries.<\/p>\n<h3>Apache OpenMeetings<\/h3>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/openmeetings.apache.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"openmeetings.apache.org (opens in a new tab)\">openmeetings.apache.org<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>A browser-based, fairly simple and lightweight solution built with security in mind. A <a href=\"https:\/\/moodle.org\/plugins\/mod_openmeetings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Moodle plugin is available (opens in a new tab)\">Moodle plugin is available<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>BigBlueButton<\/h3>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/bigbluebutton.org\/\">bigbluebutton.org<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>An open elearning favorite that needs little introduction. Install it on your server and connect it with your LMS.<\/p>\n<p><strong>This article was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lmspulse.com\/2020\/cybersecs-pulse-the-zoombombing-saga-is-just-beginning-and-the-heroic-open-source-video-conferencing-alternatives\/\">first published by LMSPulse<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Featured Image: Visuals, Unsplash.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zoom found itself as the instant savior, and immediately after, the villain, in our new working and learning arrangements. If found itself pray of the short-lived optimism of the markets \u2014achieving a $35 billion capitalization, on paper as valuable as Xiaomi, Activision or Nissan\u2014 after becoming synonymous with virtual classrooms and meetings. Numerous concerns and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":15289,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,6,27986],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15287","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-editors-picks","category-education-technology"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The \u2018Zoombombing\u2019 Saga Is Just Beginning \u2014 And The Heroic Open Source Video Conferencing Alternatives - eLearningInside News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/the-zoombombing-saga-is-just-beginning-and-the-heroic-open-source-video-conferencing-alternatives\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The \u2018Zoombombing\u2019 Saga Is Just Beginning \u2014 And The Heroic Open Source Video Conferencing Alternatives - eLearningInside News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Zoom found itself as the instant savior, and immediately after, the villain, in our new working and learning arrangements. If found itself pray of the short-lived optimism of the markets \u2014achieving a $35 billion capitalization, on paper as valuable as Xiaomi, Activision or Nissan\u2014 after becoming synonymous with virtual classrooms and meetings. 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