{"id":8619,"date":"2018-10-25T07:24:03","date_gmt":"2018-10-25T11:24:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/?p=8619"},"modified":"2020-01-28T11:06:15","modified_gmt":"2020-01-28T16:06:15","slug":"what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\/","title":{"rendered":"Which Will Dominate Online Tutoring: AI or the Gig Economy?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The market for online tutoring is growing rapidly. In April, Technavio estimated the sector would continue to expand at a CAGR of nearly 7% through 2022. Two forces are driving this growth: the gig economy and AI. While these two currently co-exist in peace, many predict that, across the board, the former is just an intermediary step to the inevitable latter. People who make this argument point usually <a href=\"https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/news\/3390069-uber-invests-150m-toronto-autonomous-vehicles-ai\">to the large sums current gig economy platforms are investing in AI<\/a>, along with the <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/swlh\/how-we-got-here-ai-the-gig-economy-92f9d9c23aa8\">mainstay of capitalism<\/a>\u00a0which goes: \u201ceverything that can be automated for a competitive advantage, will be automated.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Educators generally agree that the more time a student has with their teacher, the more effectively they learn. The ideal setting would be a one-on-one learning environment, or something close to it. Like many ideal solutions, this is expensive\u2014prohibitively expensive for everyone except the very rich. Sessions at tutoring centers, however, are more reasonable, usually falling in the range of $45-$60\/hour, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.angieslist.com\/articles\/how-much-should-tutoring-cost.htm\">according to Angie\u2019s List<\/a> in 2013. Still, that\u2019s not necessarily affordable on a regular basis for even upper middle class families. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Online tutoring is more reasonable. Remote tutoring services can save on overhead costs and offer lower prices. The gig economy has also disrupted private tutoring in two ways: by offering similar services for even cheaper and by connecting more specialized tutors with learners who need help in a specialized area. This allows for a much wider diversity in price points. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">AI-powered tutors, meanwhile, have made waves. Duolingo can usually be found in the #1 most downloaded position for apps in the education category. Other companies like iTalk2Learn, EdTech Foundry, and Thirdspace Learning have seen success.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">But Will AI Replace the Gig Economy in Online Tutoring? <\/span><\/h1>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Many edtech companies and investors think so.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Quizlet, a platform that creates and hosts user-generated study tools, <a href=\"https:\/\/venturebeat.com\/2018\/02\/06\/quizlet-raises-20-million-for-ai-powered-tutoring-software\/\">nabbed $20 million<\/a> in series B funding in February to give AI automation a shot for their services. And speaking of Duolingo, they received a $700 million valuation with their 2017 series E funding of $25 million. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">This summer, VIPKid raised $500 million in series D+ funding in part, \u201cto leverage the latest advances in machine learning to explore and pioneer the future of learning,\u201d said CEO Cindy Mi in a statement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Many Chinese edtech startups using AI for tutoring purposes <a href=\"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/chinese-edtech-has-no-reluctance-with-ai\/\">have benefitted<\/a> from their government\u2019s huge recent investment in AI technology.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">The country in 2017 unveiled their \u201cNext Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan.\u201d The plan calls for expansion of investment and development of AI across sectors. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">According to a translation by China Copyright and Media, the government will \u201cUtilize intelligent technology to accelerate and promote a personnel training model and reform teaching methods; establish new education systems, including intelligent learning and interactive learning.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">The document also logs the promise to \u201claunch the construction of intelligent campuses; promote AI in teaching, management, resource construction, and other full-scale applications, and develop [a] three-dimensional integrated teaching field, based on big data, intelligent online learning, and education platforms,\u201d and more.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">At the Same Time, the Online Tutoring Gig Economy Shows No Sign of Slowing Down<\/span><\/h1>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Postings continue to grow on freelance platforms across sectors. Of those postings, tutoring positions tend to be highly popular.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s1\">&#8220;Contract jobs in the education field seem to be keeping pace with the overall growth in flexible work we&#8217;ve seen in recent years,&#8221; said Brie Reynolds, director of online content at FlexJobs, according to <i>Education Dive<\/i>. &#8220;Education and training is consistently among the top career fields for the number of flexible jobs posted each month, and has been since we started tracking these trends about five years ago. In looking at the number of freelance education\/training jobs posted to FlexJobs in 2014 vs. 2015, we saw a 28% increase year over year.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s1\">The number of freelancers and freelancing work continues to grow. According to Upwork\u2019s and Freelancer\u2019s Union\u2019s last annual <i>Freelancing in America <\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.upwork.com\/press\/2017\/10\/17\/freelancing-in-america-2017\/\">report<\/a>, half of the U.S.\u2019s workforce will freelance within the next ten years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s1\">But at the same time, those freelancers will be dealing with an increasingly automized economy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s1\">\u201cWe are in the Fourth Industrial Revolution \u2014 a period of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2017\/07\/27\/elon-musk-mark-zuckerberg-ai-debate-work\/\">rapid change in work driven by increasing automation<\/a>, but we have a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2017\/08\/ways-to-ensure-ai-robots-create-jobs-for-all\">unique opportunity to guide the future of work<\/a>\u00a0and freelancers will play more of a key role than people realize,\u201d said Stephane Kasriel, CEO of Upwork in a press release announcing the report. \u201cProfessionals who choose to freelance make this choice knowing that, as their own boss, they are in control of their destiny. Freelancers therefore think more proactively about market trends and refresh their skills more often than traditional employees, helping advance our economy.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s1\">\u201cThe workforce is experiencing changes as never before, with economic transformation driven by new technologies and automation,\u201d said Sara Horowitz, founder and executive director of Freelancers Union in the same release. \u201cWe must be prepared to face the challenges of the future, and build the organizations that will support the 21st century workforce.\u00a0At Freelancers Union, we\u2019re committed to building a fair ecosystem that enables people to learn new skills, be protected, and feel connected to one another.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p7\">Both Kasriel and Horowitz have obvious interest in promoting the gig economy. In their imagination, the best way to survive the oncoming tsunami of automation is in the freelancer&#8217;s lifeboat, the gig economy.<\/p>\n<p>It makes one wonder what interest others have who appear so certain in their affirmation of the fourth industrial revolution.<\/p>\n<h1>Predictions Are Cheap<\/h1>\n<p class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s1\">While the gig economy remains precarious, K-12 teaching itself is increasingly being outsourced and automized. The Ector County School District in Odessa, Texas is currently considering what to do with their 246 unfilled teaching positions. In answer, <a href=\"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/if-shortages-persist-virtual-teachers-will-proliferate\/\">administrators have considered<\/a> remote teachers, who would stream in using video teleconferencing software to teach class. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s1\">No, that\u2019s not an AI-powered solution. But if educators are willing to get teachers to stream in remotely, a few years down the road, they might also consider an AI instructor. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/anthony-seldon\/\">Sir Anthony Seldon<\/a>, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Buckingham,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/science\/2017\/09\/11\/inspirational-robots-begin-replacing-teachers-within-10-years\/\">believes<\/a> that it will be just ten years before AI teachers replace their flesh-and-blood analogs.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s1\">Like many others who tout AI algorithms as teachers, Seldon views it as a means to increase access to education. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s1\">Speaking at the 2017 British Science Festival, he said, \u201cIt will open up the possibility of an Eton or Wellington-style education for all \u2026 Everyone can have the very best teacher and it&#8217;s completely personalized; the software you&#8217;re working with will be with you throughout your education journey.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s1\">If K-12 instruction is possible with AI, online tutoring is too. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s1\">At the same time, however, other leaders believe that we\u2019re still quite a long ways off from successfully personalizing learning with AI.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s1\">The company Amplify has sought to develop such a product until recently. Company CEO Larry Berger, speaking with <i>Education Week <\/i>blogger Rick Hess, <a href=\"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/skepticism-personalized-learning-rise\/\">summarized the challenge<\/a>, saying:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p10\">\u201cYou start with a map of all the things that kids need to learn. Then you measure the kids so that you can place each kid on the map in just the spot where they know everything behind them, and in front of them is what they should learn next.\u00a0Then you assemble a vast library of learning objects and ask an algorithm to sort through it to find the optimal learning object for each kid at that particular moment.\u00a0Then you make each kid use the learning object. [The more kids use it, the smarter and better it gets.]\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p10\">\u201cHere\u2019s the problem: The map doesn\u2019t exist, the measurement is impossible, and we have, collectively, built only 5% of the library.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p10\">One Medium post by Ritabrata Maiti echos the words of the one penned by Joel Burke at the beginning of this article. Maiti <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/swlh\/artificial-intelligence-robotics-freelancing-and-disruption-66ea53cc3d0\">writes<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p11\"><i>&#8220;What can be mechanized, digitized or automated will be mechanized, digitized or automated. The question is\u00a0<\/i><b><i>When<\/i><\/b><i>?&#8221;<\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"p11\">Based on what has been described above, however, there\u2019s another more compelling question hidden in this quote: <i>what <\/i>can be mechanized, digitized or automated?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p11\">It is already clear that <i>some <\/i>teaching can be automated. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/calicojournal.25.3.510?read-now=1&amp;googleloggedin=true&amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\">A study<\/a> describing the use of AI in language instruction titled \u201cAI in CALL [Computer Assisted Language Learning]\u2014Artificially Inflated or Almost Imminent?\u201d was published a full decade ago.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p11\">Educators generally hold that the more discursive fields of study, where one topic builds off the former and leads to another, are good areas to begin with automized instruction. Language learning would be a good example, as would math.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p11\">But for now, effective AI-powered instruction in the humanities, fine arts, social emotional learning, and more remains decidedly more fiction than science.<\/p>\n<p><em>Featured Image: Javier Molina, Unsplash.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The market for online tutoring is growing rapidly. In April, Technavio estimated the sector would continue to expand at a CAGR of nearly 7% through 2022. Two forces are driving this growth: the gig economy and AI. While these two currently co-exist in peace, many predict that, across the board, the former is just an intermediary step to the inevitable latter. People who make this argument point usually to the large sums current gig economy platforms are investing in AI, along with the mainstay of capitalism that \u201ceverything that can be automated for a competitive advantage, will be automated,\u201d as Joel Burke, head of business development for e-Residency, put it in a 2017 Medium post.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":14563,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-editors-picks"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Which Will Dominate Online Tutoring: AI or the Gig Economy? - eLearningInside News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Which Will Dominate Online Tutoring: AI or the Gig Economy? - eLearningInside News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The market for online tutoring is growing rapidly. In April, Technavio estimated the sector would continue to expand at a CAGR of nearly 7% through 2022. Two forces are driving this growth: the gig economy and AI. While these two currently co-exist in peace, many predict that, across the board, the former is just an intermediary step to the inevitable latter. People who make this argument point usually to the large sums current gig economy platforms are investing in AI, along with the mainstay of capitalism that \u201ceverything that can be automated for a competitive advantage, will be automated,\u201d as Joel Burke, head of business development for e-Residency, put it in a 2017 Medium post.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"eLearningInside News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/elearninginside\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-10-25T11:24:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-01-28T16:06:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/javier-molina-a8jc7045vvo-unsplash-scaled-e1575567856498.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Henry Kronk\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@henry_kronk\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@elearninginside\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Henry Kronk\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.elearninginside.com\\\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.elearninginside.com\\\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Henry Kronk\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.elearninginside.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/1e85c04cd7c6505413ccb5e4cc7a72f7\"},\"headline\":\"Which Will Dominate Online Tutoring: AI or the Gig Economy?\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-10-25T11:24:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-01-28T16:06:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.elearninginside.com\\\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1449,\"commentCount\":7,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.elearninginside.com\\\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.elearninginside.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/javier-molina-a8jc7045vvo-unsplash-scaled-e1575567856498.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Articles\",\"Editor\u2019s Picks\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/news.elearninginside.com\\\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\\\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2018\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.elearninginside.com\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.elearninginside.com\\\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.elearninginside.com\\\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\\\/\",\"name\":\"Which Will Dominate Online Tutoring: AI or the Gig Economy? 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After studying English at McGill University in Montreal, he went to work full time as a freelancer while living abroad in countries such as Greece, New Zealand, and Vietnam. His journalism has been published by CKUT 90.3 FM, Montreal Rampage, Potent, and HNGN. He has also produced a series of audio interviews concerning Canadian poetry for Vallum: Contemporary Poetry. His latest work is Code Burst, a podcast that investigates a free coding bootcamp in the Appalachian region of the U.S. that seeks to retrain ex-coal miners for jobs in the tech industry, along with the promise learning to code offers more broadly. 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Two forces are driving this growth: the gig economy and AI. While these two currently co-exist in peace, many predict that, across the board, the former is just an intermediary step to the inevitable latter. People who make this argument point usually to the large sums current gig economy platforms are investing in AI, along with the mainstay of capitalism that \u201ceverything that can be automated for a competitive advantage, will be automated,\u201d as Joel Burke, head of business development for e-Residency, put it in a 2017 Medium post.","og_url":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\/","og_site_name":"eLearningInside News","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/elearninginside\/","article_published_time":"2018-10-25T11:24:03+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-01-28T16:06:15+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":800,"url":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/javier-molina-a8jc7045vvo-unsplash-scaled-e1575567856498.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Henry Kronk","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@henry_kronk","twitter_site":"@elearninginside","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Henry Kronk","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\/"},"author":{"name":"Henry Kronk","@id":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/#\/schema\/person\/1e85c04cd7c6505413ccb5e4cc7a72f7"},"headline":"Which Will Dominate Online Tutoring: AI or the Gig Economy?","datePublished":"2018-10-25T11:24:03+00:00","dateModified":"2020-01-28T16:06:15+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\/"},"wordCount":1449,"commentCount":7,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/javier-molina-a8jc7045vvo-unsplash-scaled-e1575567856498.jpg","articleSection":["Articles","Editor\u2019s Picks"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\/#respond"]}],"copyrightYear":"2018","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/#organization"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\/","url":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\/","name":"Which Will Dominate Online Tutoring: AI or the Gig Economy? - eLearningInside News","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/javier-molina-a8jc7045vvo-unsplash-scaled-e1575567856498.jpg","datePublished":"2018-10-25T11:24:03+00:00","dateModified":"2020-01-28T16:06:15+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/#\/schema\/person\/1e85c04cd7c6505413ccb5e4cc7a72f7"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/what-will-dominate-online-tutoring-ai-or-the-gig-economy\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/javier-molina-a8jc7045vvo-unsplash-scaled-e1575567856498.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/news.elearninginside.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/javier-molina-a8jc7045vvo-unsplash-scaled-e1575567856498.jpg","width":1200,"height":800,"caption":"A man works at a cafe in the background. 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After studying English at McGill University in Montreal, he went to work full time as a freelancer while living abroad in countries such as Greece, New Zealand, and Vietnam. His journalism has been published by CKUT 90.3 FM, Montreal Rampage, Potent, and HNGN. He has also produced a series of audio interviews concerning Canadian poetry for Vallum: Contemporary Poetry. His latest work is Code Burst, a podcast that investigates a free coding bootcamp in the Appalachian region of the U.S. that seeks to retrain ex-coal miners for jobs in the tech industry, along with the promise learning to code offers more broadly. 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